preparation
There are many ways to prepare Chlorine dioxide based solutions.
We will only present here the most common namely:
1. MMS Method - Using this method, dosing is done using drops. For this method, you will need to follow the MMS-Jim Humble Protocols. This is very convenient and is the preferred method used by campers because it is very simple. For this method, you only need to have the 2 precursors namely:
a. Part A (Sodium chlorite at 22.4%)
b. Part B (Hydrochloric Acid at 4%) or (Citric Acid 50%) or (Phosphoric Acid - 12%) -
Note that the concentration of each acid is important so that you can use the 1:1 drop ratio.
Part A and Part B normally should come from the same supplier.
We will only present here the most common namely:
1. MMS Method - Using this method, dosing is done using drops. For this method, you will need to follow the MMS-Jim Humble Protocols. This is very convenient and is the preferred method used by campers because it is very simple. For this method, you only need to have the 2 precursors namely:
a. Part A (Sodium chlorite at 22.4%)
b. Part B (Hydrochloric Acid at 4%) or (Citric Acid 50%) or (Phosphoric Acid - 12%) -
Note that the concentration of each acid is important so that you can use the 1:1 drop ratio.
Part A and Part B normally should come from the same supplier.
2. CDS Method - Using this method, you will need to 'harvest' the pure ClO2 gas. For this method, you will need to follow the CDS-Kalcker Protocols. This is more complex, hence less convenient. However, this is preferred by doctors because it is more exact. Preparations are done in mls and concentrations are based on ppm (parts per million). There are many ways to prepare this but we will only present the 2 most common:
a. Original CDS Preparation - you need both Part A (22.4% Sodium chlorite), and Part B (any acid above).
Here is the video. Note that in the video, Dr. Kalcker already has Part A, and Part B (Hydrochloric Acid)
a. Original CDS Preparation - you need both Part A (22.4% Sodium chlorite), and Part B (any acid above).
Here is the video. Note that in the video, Dr. Kalcker already has Part A, and Part B (Hydrochloric Acid)
b. Quick CDS Preparation - you also need both Part A (22.4% Sodium chlorite) and Part B (any acid).
In the video below, the presenter does not have yet the Part A. He still needed to make this 22.4% Sodium chlorite from the flakes (80%). After the Part A (22.4%) solution is prepared, he proceeds to make the 'Quick CDS' Process. The difference with the other CDS process is that the acid used is double. Also, the container used is different and must provide more surface area. Note also in the video, Phos. Acid is used.
In the video below, the presenter does not have yet the Part A. He still needed to make this 22.4% Sodium chlorite from the flakes (80%). After the Part A (22.4%) solution is prepared, he proceeds to make the 'Quick CDS' Process. The difference with the other CDS process is that the acid used is double. Also, the container used is different and must provide more surface area. Note also in the video, Phos. Acid is used.
3. CDH Purogene Method - CDH (or Chlorine dioxide Holding) is the method used to totally activate the Sodium chlorite with the acid, hence, less Sodium chlorite, and more Chlorine dioxide is produced. Basically, you need to increase the acid used (usually by doubling the acid used compared with MMS activation) to the correct stoichiometric amount to have a 100% reaction/conversion. I prefer using the term 'hybrid' instead of 'Holding' because with this method, it is like combining MMS and CDS. We use mls (not drops) and end up having solutions with concentrations in ppm's. This is easier preparation, and will allow you to follow the CDS-Kalcker Protocols. This method of preparation is perhaps the oldest as this is what is used in many industries prior to MMS and CDS. For this method using branded Purogene, you will need the ff:
a. Part A (Purogene 2% 'Stabilized ClO2 Solution' - this is about 3.2-3.4% Sodium chlorite only)
b. Part B (Phosphoric Acid 85% concentrate)
Note: Notice the concentrations are different from the previous ones (MMS, and CDS). Part A and Part B should normally come from the same supplier. Purogene is a branded Sodium chlorite solution from USA.
a. Part A (Purogene 2% 'Stabilized ClO2 Solution' - this is about 3.2-3.4% Sodium chlorite only)
b. Part B (Phosphoric Acid 85% concentrate)
Note: Notice the concentrations are different from the previous ones (MMS, and CDS). Part A and Part B should normally come from the same supplier. Purogene is a branded Sodium chlorite solution from USA.
